Nahum is one of the Minor Prophets, meaning he has a shorter message, not a lesser message Nahum, in many ways, is simply the continuation of
Jonah’s story. Jonah was sent to Nineveh about 100 years earlier to warn them
of God’s judgement, but the king and people of that time repented and God
withheld his judgement then, but Nineveh returned to its cruel and barbaric ways,
filled with pride in its power, and now God sends Nahum another vision of
judgement against Nineveh. Not many of us read Nahum because of his theme of
God’s wrath and judgement.
Nahum is a prophet to the people of Judah after the
Assyrians destroyed Israel in the north, scattering the people
of Israel through the Assyrian empire to make sure that they couldn’t rise up
in rebellion against Assyria. These are what we now call the 10 lost tribes of
Israel. Nahum is likely during the time of the wicked king Manasseh or the good
king Josiah, along with the prophets Zephaniah and early Jeremiah, sometime
between 663 and 612 B.C as Nahum’s vision references the fall of Thebes in
Egypt in 663 B.C and Nineveh’s fall in 612. Nahum’s name means “comfort,”
and he brings a fierce message that is one of comfort to Judah, while bringing
judgment against Israel’s oppressors.
God sends Nahum this vision to remind Judah that he sees Nineveh’s wickedness and will hold them
accountable for their evil; God’s judgement from the time of Jonah still
stands. John Calvin writes, “God is not to be rashly judged of on account of
his delay, when he does not immediately execute His judgments; for he waits for
the seasonable opportunity. But, in the meantime there is no reason for us to
think that he forgets his office when he suspends punishment, or for a season
spares the ungodly.” Peter later reminds his readers, “The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise,
as some understand slowness. Instead, he is patient with you, not wanting
anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance.” Yet there does come a time where God will no longer allow evil and
wickedness to continue and will hold people to account.
Judah’s been paying tribute for Assyria ever since the time of King Hezekiah. We read in 2
Kings 18,
“So Hezekiah king of Judah sent this message
to the king of Assyria at Lachish: “I have done wrong. Withdraw from me, and I
will pay whatever you demand of me.” The king of Assyria exacted from Hezekiah
king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.” This tribute only got heavier over the years.
Nahum’s vision shows a God who is slow to anger, but also a God who cares for
his people and his honour who punishes the guilty, the wicked, and evil.
Miroslav
Volf, a Christian theologian from Croatia, used to reject the concept of God's
wrath. He thought that the idea of an angry God was barbaric, finding it hard
to fit his idea of a God of love. But then his country went through a brutal
war. Volf writes, “My last resistance to the idea of God's wrath was a
casualty of the war in the former Yugoslavia, the region from which I come.
According to some estimates, 200,000 people were killed and over 3,000,000 were
displaced. My villages and cities were destroyed, my people shelled day in and
day out, some of them brutalized beyond imagination, and I could not imagine
God not being angry. Or think of Rwanda in the last decade of the past century,
where 800,000 people were hacked to death in one hundred days! How did God
react to the carnage? By doting on the perpetrators in a grandfatherly fashion?
By refusing to condemn the bloodbath but instead affirming the perpetrators'
basic goodness? Wasn't God fiercely angry with them? Though I used to complain
about the indecency of the idea of God's wrath, I came to think that I would
have to rebel against a God who wasn't wrathful at the sight of the world's
evil. God isn't wrathful in spite of being love. God is wrathful because God is
love.”
Nahum’s
vision reveals that God cares about his people and is their
protecter. God will not allow evil empires to stay in power forever. As Judah
heard this vision, they would have remembered their time in Egypt and how God
led them to freedom and defeated Egypt’s gods. This is a vision of hope for the
Jews in Judah. God reveals himself as a jealous God, echoing back to Mount
Sinai and the giving of the 10 Commandments, where God tells the people, “You shall not make for
yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth
beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them;
for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for
the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,
but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my
commandments.”
God
demands an exclusive relationship with his people, he’s not willing
to share us with any other god. Because God’s so committed to his people, he
will avenge his people for the evil done against them. Psalm 32:7
captures this hope, “You are
my hiding place; you will protect me from trouble and surround me with songs of
deliverance.” God has allowed the Assyrians to punish
Judah for failing to trust him and honour his, “Although
I have afflicted you, Judah, I will afflict you no more. Now I will break their
yoke from your neck and tear your shackles away.” God allows suffering
to come into our lives, but it will be only for a time, and God means for it to
draw us back to him.
God
has used Assyria to punish his people, however Assyria has punished Judah above
and beyond, plotting evil and devising wicked plans.
Nahum reminds us that there will be justice from God. This is an uncomfortable
God for many people today, a God who gets angry over injustice and holds people
and nations to account. The Lord pronounces a three-part judgement and
consequences on the Assyrian king leading to a complete and devastating defeat.
The king will have no descendants to follow him on the throne, the pagan
temples will be destroyed to show the power of Yahweh; and he will be buried in
shame. This vision brings good news and hope for Judah.
We often underestimate the power our sin has over us, the strength of the chains that bind us
to our sin ways. Our sin can take away our hope, it shapes our image of who we
are, telling us lies, telling us Jesus could never forgive us, that his
sacrifice isn’t really for us, that we’re not worthy. Slavery to our sin is
more powerful than any physical slavery a person can do to us. This is why so
many slaves and poor people became followers of Jesus early on, because the
salvation Jesus brings is freedom of the heart and mind, reminding us of who we
really are as children of God, created in God’s own image! In their slavery to
people, the slaves found a refuge in Jesus, a master who loves them so much
he’s willing to give up his life so they can experience freedom and hope. Nahum
reminds us, “The Lord is good, a refuge in times of
trouble. He cares for those who trust in him.”
Now
comes powerful words of hope, “Look, there on the mountains, the feet of one who brings good
news, who proclaims peace! Celebrate your festivals, Judah, and fulfill your
vows. No more will the wicked invade you; they will be completely destroyed.”
If the first part of this verse seems familiar it’s because Isaiah uses this
same image to point to the coming Messiah, to Jesus. When God gives Nahum this
image, God’s using the military image of a watchman standing on the heights of
a mountainside overlooking the battle, ready to send news back to the city and
its people. God’s revealing that the battle is over and the Lord has defeated
his enemies, even though there has been those who
plotted against him. The people will be free again to celebrate the
festivals God gave Israel back at Mount Sinai; festivals that called the people
to gather at the Temple, festivals revolving around atonement and forgiveness, God’s
providence, and God’s joy in freeing his people from oppression; leading them
to freedom. The festivals remind the people of who their God is.
Isaiah uses this same image in 52:7, “How beautiful on the mountains are the feet
of those who bring good news, who proclaim peace, who bring good tidings, who
proclaim salvation, who say to Zion, “Your God reigns!” Isaiah’s pointing to Israel’s return from exile in Babylon that still
lies in Judah’s future after Assyria; they also point to the coming Messiah,
who is Jesus. Jesus delivers us from the oppression of our sin and leads us
into the freedom from sin; freedom accomplished through his sacrifice for our
sin on the cross. Jesus’ deliverance gives us the freedom to be his people and
call others to experience the freedom and deliverance from sin that Jesus
offers.
Mark
Roberts writes, “The middle section of Isaiah 52 celebrates the
coming of God’s salvation to the whole world. Verse 7, using the idiom of “beautiful feet,” rejoices in the “good news” of peace and salvation… the core of the
good news announced to Israel: “Your God reigns.”
… When he reigns, and only when he reigns, all things are made right. Jesus
reiterated the good news of Isaiah 52, but with a stunning twist. His message,
in Mark 1 is, “The time promised by God has come at
last! . . . The Kingdom of God is near! Repent of your sins and believe the
Good News!” In Jesus, God had come to reign on the earth… when we put
our faith in Jesus, we begin even now to live in the peace and power of God’s
reign. The good news we embrace as Christians is not only that we get to “go to
heaven” after we die, but also that we can begin to experience heaven now.” Good news
indeed!